Eye Doctors

A parent recently asked why I recommend that her child be examined by a pediatric optometrist rather than a pediatric ophthalmologist. The answer comes from my understanding of these two types of eye doctors and my personal experience.

Both types of eye doctors examine and prescribe glasses, diagnose and treat eye disease, and can evaluate how well a person uses the eyes together. However, each profession is unique.

Ophthalmologists are trained to do surgery. I credit one with saving the eyesight of my daughter, who at age five sustained an eye injury. Optometrists are schooled in the developmental (behavioral, functional or environmental) aspects of vision. Optometrists are more apt to use lenses, prisms and Vision Therapy to enhance and improve visual function. These interventions often improve children's academic and other abilities.

An ophthalmologist (MD) is a medical or osteopathic doctor who specializes in the eye. They perform eye exams, diagnose and treat disease, prescribe medication, and perform surgery. They may also write prescriptions for eyeglasses and contact lenses. Ophthalmologists complete four years of medical school, one year of internship, and a minimum of three years of residency in ophthalmology.

An optician is not an eye doctor, but in some states they must complete training and be licensed. Most opticians sell and fit eyeglasses, sunglasses, and specialty eyewear that are made to an optometrist's or ophthalmologist's prescription. In some states opticians can become certified, after special training, to fit contact lenses.